Baby Boomers to Generation Beta: the Evolution of Swiss Society

Dividing the population into generations is a valuable tool for analysing social developments and demographic changes. In Switzerland, as in the rest of the world, this understanding has evolved over time: the baby boomers are followed by generations X, Y, Z, Alpha and, from 1 January 2025, Beta. But what do these terms mean for us and our society? An overview.

We encounter terms such as baby boomers, generation X or millennials every day. While those born in the relevant periods know exactly how their generation is called, it is more difficult for other generations.

Baby boomers and the ‘Pill crunch’

The baby boomers (1946–1964) experienced the economic boom that followed the Second World War. This generation not only saw a high birth rate, but also laid the foundation for social change in Switzerland. From 1965 onwards, the so-called pill crunch significantly reduced the birth rate, signalling the end of this boom period. From 2.5 children in the 1950s to 1.6 children in 1975.

The sandwich generation

Generation X (1965-1980) was characterised by economic uncertainty and experienced the digital transformation. This so-called sandwich generation juggled responsibility for their children and their aging parents while also facing the challenges of a rapidly changing world. This double burden shaped their pragmatic and independent lifestyle. It was the first generation to grow up with the idea that work and personal life are separate but both important.

The millennials and the digital revolution

Generation Y or Millennials (1981–1996) were shaped by technological progress and globalisation. This generation, often referred to as the first digital natives, is known for their desire for meaningful work and a healthy work-life balance. Millennials established new values that include, among other things, self-fulfilment, teamwork and a high level of education. They form the bridge between the analogue and digital world.

Generation Z: at home on social platforms

Generation Z (1997–2012) grew up in a world that was fully digitised. Social media such as TikTok, Instagram and Snapchat are part of their everyday lives. They have strongly developed views on topics such as authenticity and social justice. Many of them have been shaped by movements such as Fridays for Future. This generation embraces values such as diversity and is often vulnerable to the social pressure that comes with their online presence. Stress and anxiety are part of the reality of life for many of them.

Generation Alpha: first steps into the digital world

With Generation Alpha (2013–2024), we are entering a new era. This generation is the first to grow up entirely in the 21st century and in the digital age. They have a high affinity for technological tools and are aware of global challenges such as climate change at an early age. However, their early exposure to digital devices raises questions about their mental health and social skills.

Outlook for Generation Beta: challenges and prospects

Generation Beta, those born from 2025 onwards, will grow up in an even more networked and digitised world. Technological developments, artificial intelligence and virtual reality will be part of their everyday lives. This generation will have to grapple intensively with issues of data protection, information overload and the ethical aspects of new technologies. Their values will be strongly influenced by previous generations, but at the same time shaped by their very own experiences.

Demographic developments in Switzerland: challenges for the future

Switzerland has seen drastic changes to its demographic landscape in recent years. The percentage of people over the age of 65 is continuously growing and is expected to make up over 25 per cent of the population by 2050. This presents significant challenges, particularly in terms of retirement provisions and the labour market.

The coming generations, especially Generation Beta, are in the spotlight when it comes to how we as a society deal with change. Their ability to adapt to an increasingly digitalised and ageing society will be crucial for Switzerland’s future.

An increasingly complex world

Looking at the different generations not only provides a better understanding of social and economic dynamics, but also of the values and priorities that develop over time. The challenge is to actively shape this change and support future generations in an increasingly complex world.

Binci Heeb

Also read: ‘Long and healthy living’: Interview with Dr Yael Benvenisti